142 research outputs found
B-decay anomalies in Pati-Salam SU(4)
Attempts to incorporate in a coherent picture the -decay anomalies
presumably observed in and semi-leptonic
decays have to face the absence of signals in other related experiments, both
at low and at high energies. By extending and making more precise the content
of Ref. [1], we describe one such attempt based on the Pati-Salam SU(4) group,
that unifies colour and the - charge, in the context of a new strongly
interacting sector, equally responsible for producing a pseudo-Goldstone Higgs
boson.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure
Cosmological Production of Dark Nuclei
We study the formation of Dark Matter nuclei in scenarios where DM particles
are baryons of a new confining gauge force. The dark nucleosynthesis is
analogous to the formation of light elements in the SM and requires as a first
step the formation of dark deuterium. We compute this process from first
principles, using the formalism of pion-less effective theory for
nucleon-nucleon interactions. This controlled effective field theory expansion
allows us to systematically compute the cross sections for generic SM
representations under the assumption of shallow bound states. In the context of
vector-like confinement models we find that, for nucleon masses in the TeV
range, baryonic DM made of electro-weak constituents can form a significant
fraction of dark deuterium and a much smaller fraction of dark tritium.
Formation of dark nuclei can also lead to monochromatic photon lines in
indirect detection. Models with singlets do not undergo nucleosynthesis unless
a dark photon is added to the theory.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures. v2) improved discussion on indirect detection,
refs adde
On the Tuning and the Mass of the Composite Higgs
We analyze quantitatively the tuning of composite Higgs models with partial
compositeness and its interplay with the predicted Higgs mass. In this respect
we identify three classes of models, characterized by different quantum numbers
of the fermionic colored resonances associated with the top quark, the
so-called top partners. The main result of this classification is that in all
models with moderate tuning a light Higgs, of 125 GeV mass, requires the
presence of light top partners, around 1 TeV. The minimal tuning is comparable
to the one of the most attractive supersymmetric models in particular the ones
realizing Natural SUSY. This gives further support to an extensive program of
top partners searches at the LHC that can already probe the natural region of
composite Higgs models.Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures; v2: version published in JHE
Baryogenesis at a Lepton-Number-Breaking Phase Transition
We study a scenario in which the baryon asymmetry of the universe arises from
a cosmological phase transition where lepton-number is spontaneously broken. If
the phase transition is first order, a lepton-number asymmetry can arise at the
bubble wall, through dynamics similar to electroweak baryogenesis, but
involving right-handed neutrinos. In addition to the usual neutrinoless double
beta decay in nuclear experiments, the model may be probed through a variety of
"baryogenesis by-products," which include a stochastic background of
gravitational waves created by the colliding bubbles. Depending on the model,
other aspects may include a network of topological defects that produce their
own gravitational waves, additional contribution to dark radiation, and a light
pseudo-Goldstone boson (majoron) as dark matter candidate.Comment: 21 pages + 10 appendices & references, 3 figure
Fundamental partial compositeness
We construct renormalizable Standard Model extensions, valid up to the Planck
scale, that give a composite Higgs from a new fundamental strong force acting
on fermions and scalars. Yukawa interactions of these particles with Standard
Model fermions realize the partial compositeness scenario. Under certain
assumptions on the dynamics of the scalars, successful models exist because
gauge quantum numbers of Standard Model fermions admit a minimal enough 'square
root'. Furthermore, right-handed SM fermions have an SU(2)-like structure,
yielding a custodially-protected composite Higgs. Baryon and lepton numbers
arise accidentally. Standard Model fermions acquire mass at tree level, while
the Higgs potential and flavor violations are generated by quantum corrections.
We further discuss accidental symmetries and other dynamical features stemming
from the new strongly interacting scalars. If the same phenomenology can be
obtained from models without our elementary scalars, they would reappear as
composite states.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables. v2: final published version, expanded
discussion about neutrino masses, dark matter and flavou
Well-posedness of a mathematical model for Alzheimer's disease
We consider the existence and uniqueness of solutions of an initial-boundary
value problem for a coupled system of PDE's arising in a model for Alzheimer's
disease. Apart from reaction diffusion equations, the system contains a
transport equation in a bounded interval for a probability measure which is
related to the malfunctioning of neurons. The main ingredients to prove
existence are: the method of characteristics for the transport equation, a
priori estimates for solutions of the reaction diffusion equations, a variant
of the classical contraction theorem, and the Wasserstein metric for the part
concerning the probability measure. We stress that all hypotheses on the data
are not suggested by mathematical artefacts, but are naturally imposed by
modelling considerations. In particular the use of a probability measure is
natural from a modelling point of view. The nontrivial part of the analysis is
the suitable combination of the various mathematical tools, which is not quite
routine and requires various technical adjustments
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